Vol 11, No 2 (2025)

The results of the analysis of diagnostic capabilities and areas of application of pedagogical tests as a tool for assessing the quality of education are presented. Special attention is paid to the requirements for tests that ensure objective and reliable measurement of educational outcomes, and criteria for evaluating the quality of test systems are formulated. It is shown that the effectiveness of pedagogical tests is achieved through a clear definition of testing goals, a conscious and reasoned definition of the subject of assessment, compliance with the rules of selection and design of test tasks, as well as the use of relevant methods of processing and interpreting test results. The typology of texts is presented, the characteristics of the target purpose, the specifics of construction and the areas of application of various types of tests are given. The prospects for the development of pedagogical testology are determined.

The study is devoted to the problem of developing nationally-oriented tests in Russian as a foreign language addressed to students of Russian Language courses in African countries. The study asserts the necessity of a cultural approach to the design of educational and test materials for people studying Russian outside the language environment. It is noted that educational and control materials used in the audience of foreign speakers outside Russia must necessarily consider the socio-cultural and educational experience of the addressee, cultural facts about his native country and the country of the language being studied, affecting the sphere of his interests and supporting the motivation to study Russian.

The study examines the changes in the grammatical structure of the Vepsian language due to its close contact with Russian Language. A striking example of these changes are the forms of the III infinitive: illative, inessive, elative and abessive. Since the functioning of the grammatical systems of the languages of the small peoples of the Russian Federation in their written form is not widely reflected in modern linguistic research, the conducted research seems relevant. The purpose of the study is to find out how these verb forms are used in the modern written Vepsian language, to clarify their meaning and to identify the factors influencing their displacement by other forms. The study uses comparative and descriptive methods. It is proved that the Vepsian forms of the III infinitive are being replaced by other verbal forms, not finding a direct match among the verbal forms of the Russian Language, which is the main one for the authors of Vepsian texts in modern conditions. It is concluded that the authors of texts in the Vepsian language should pay more attention to its morphological richness.

The study of idiomatic expressions is a key element in the process of mastering the Russian Language by foreign language learners. However, understanding and interpreting idioms can often cause serious difficulties for them due to the linguacultural specificity. In this context, turning to paired idioms of the native language and Russian is of particular value, which in most cases allows reconstructing the semantic component and simultaneously developing the linguacultural competence of learners. The study examines the main types of Russian-Turkish paired idioms, provides relevant examples, and also provides methodological recommendations for studying paired idioms at advanced levels of mastering Russian as a foreign language.

The study reveals the spectrum of comic techniques used by F.A. Iskander in forming the artistic structure of his own works. The focus is on the set of expressive means by which the writer realizes the satirical and ironic potential of the text, giving it uniqueness due to the original artistic understanding of reality. The significant place of humor in the author’s artistic system is emphasized, the importance of humorous descriptions for characterizing characters and situations, for creating the reader’s attitude towards certain objects, actions, and heroes. Lexical (metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, comparison, hyperbole), syntactic (repetition, gradation) and precedent phenomena as tools for building intertextual cultural connections are described as the most typical means for a writer to create a comic. It is noted that various means of expressing the comic are usually combined, complementing each other. At the same time, F.A. Iskander’s humor is subtle, sometimes creating not a cheerful, but a sad mood, calling to think about the phenomena described by the author. It is noted that Chinese students have difficulty understanding the author's humor when it touches on the historical or cultural realities of another country, or when it draws on precedents important to Russian culture. In such cases, it is suggested that historical references be provided.