No 3 (2025)

The focus of this article is the search for an answer to the eternal question about the secret of the origin of language, which involves examining its deep layers, as well as culture and metaphysical reality. This required turning, on the one hand, to the methodology of studying primitive consciousness, thinking and worldview, and on the other, to the patristic tradition, which had a huge influence on the formation of culture and the Russian linguistic personality. Particular attention in the work is given to the latest research, which brings us closer to solving this centuries-old mystery. The undertaken study of the sacred, historical, cultural and spiritual context of the evolution of language and metaphysical reality based on the data of anthropology, ethnography, archeology, paleopsychology, paleocultural studies, linguogenetics and theolinguistics leads to the conclusion about the fruitfulness of the beginning of the transition from the anthropocentric to the theoanthropocosmic paradigm, which restores the integrity of the spiritual reality inherited with the Russian language and culture.

The inconsistency of its grammatical nature in different languages is established by means of the testimony of the data of Indo-European (Slavic and Romano-German) and Caucasian (Dagestan) languages. They prove that in modern languages it is represented at different stages of its change from the named space to the verb, combining some signs of the personalized and verb classes of words. It is stated that the infinitive is not an obligatory element in the grammatical system of a language: with no infinitive at all. It is suggested that in the Romano-Germanic languages the infinitive retains its nominal nature, neutral with respect to modality. Russian linguists consider the infinitive to be one of the most important ways of expressing modality, and therefore it has been rightly called the indefinite mood in Russian linguistics. In the Caucasian languages, the same form is also incorporated into the verbal system, but not as a modal means. Like every significant language category, the infinitive is not indifferent to the realization of ethnic mentality.

The article addresses the problem of the temporality of consciousness in the context of philosophical psychopathology and the temporal metaphor of subjectivity (the metaphor of effort). The possibility of constructing a metamodel of temporality based on retention, cinematographic, and extensional models is discussed. Special attention is given to the idea of the intentional arc, which underlies contemporary phenomenological models of mental pathology. The article shows how an analysis of disruptions in the temporality of consciousness in mental disorders can lead to key issues in philosophical anthropology.

The article is devoted to the methodological aspects of the study of social evolution, attention is paid to the development of methods for the analysis/forecast of complex anthropogenic situations, the dynamics of the scientific apparatus, transdisciplinary transfer and the development of cognitive tools. We are used to dealing with the experience of past situations, packaged in an educational narrative and technological practice. However, the complication of the anthropo-cosmos, its globalization, diversification, and other forms of reorganization stimulate the transformation of the knowledge environment. Humanity, passing through the bottleneck of civilizational transit and mastering opportunities, forms a social space where the activity of individuals, groups and communities increases dramatically, multiplying the wealth of available alternatives.

In modern theoretical constructions, one can trace the interaction of two key abstractions: a geometric (material) point and a certain integrity, the ideological source of which are the monads of G.V. Leibniz. The idea of a point, dating back to Euclidean geometry, received a fundamental impetus in set theory due to the introduction of actual (completed) infinity. On the other hand, A. Aspect’s experiments convincingly showed that point objects cannot exist at the fundamental level. Thus, integral monads become the main abstraction of the quantum level of matter. As in the case of a material point, further development of this approach requires a defining ideological impulse, which can only be given by actual infinity. This is already a different, ordinal infinity, fundamentally different from the set-theoretic, quantitative infinity. A number of the author's works are devoted to the development of this approach. This article is, in essence, a brief summary of these works, in which the initial provisions and main results are formulated, without discussing particular issues and consequences.

The paper considers the formalization of time irreversibility within the framework of the generally accepted relational statistical concept. For this purpose, the important role of the notion of a moment in time, constructively limited through a set of radius vectors of the elements of the system under study, is revealed. Comparison of three successive moments in time can give an idea of the irreversibility of the specified vector time. By comparing the intervals of vector time and scalar time determined by the analog of a clock, the justification shows their accuracy, which underlies the definition of a quantitative expression for the entropy of time and the receipt of thermodynamic relations.